CystitisName inflammation of the bladder.In most cases, this inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection and is a kind of urinary tract infection (IMVP).Infection of the bladder can be very painful and exhausting and can also lead to more serious problems if you climb into the kidneys.
In rare cases, bladder inflammation can be a reaction to certain drugs, radiation therapy or other stimuli: sprays for female hygiene, sperm -white gels or long -term use of the urinary catheter.The aperture inflammation can also be a complication from a different disease.
Typically, bacterial cystitis requires the recipe of antibiotics.The treatment of other types of cystitis depends on its cause.
Symptoms and signs of bladder infection
The symptoms of cystitis include:
To urinate imperative (suddenly and very strongly)
Wrong urination
Burn while urinating
Frequent urination, small urine
Blood in urine (hematuria)
Muddy urine and/or urine with sharp unpleasant smell
Discomfort in the area of the pelvis
Printing pressure in the lower stomach
Subfebile body temperature (from 37 to 38 degrees)
In young children, the sudden appearance of daily enuresis (urine -enamous) can also be a sign of a urinary tract infection (IMVP).
When to see a doctor
Find medical help immediately if you have symptoms that are characteristic of kidney infection, especially for kidney infection:
Back pain or side
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Frequent, painful urination, more than a few hours lasts
Blood in the urine.
It is particularly important to consult a doctor if this is not the first episode of cystitis.
If you have just completed the course of treatment and the symptoms have already returned, contact a doctor immediately.
If your child has enuresis during the day, call your pediatrician
The causes and risk factors of cystitis
The human urine system consists of two kidneys, two urine, bubbles and urethra (urethra).
The main function of the urine system is to eliminate the slag from the body.The kidneys filter blood and fill primary and then secondary urine;The secondary urine flows through the ureter into the bladder and accumulates there for several hours, whereupon the bladder is filled.The person feels the urge to urinate and emphasizes the bladder through the urethra.
Bacterial cystitis
Urinal infections usually occur when bacteria penetrate through the urethra from the outside and start multiplying there.In most cases, the bladder infection is caused by bacteria by E. coli.
Bacterial cystitis can occur in women as a complication of sexual intercourse, in particular often after the first sexual intercourse in a woman's life.But even sexually inactive girls and women are susceptible to infections of the lower urinary tract, since women of genitals are often obsemnic bacteria that cause cystitis.
Not -infectious cystitis
Nebacterialnym Cistitam contains:
Interstitial cystitis.The causes of this chronic inflammation of the bladder, also called the syndrome of the painful bladder, are still unclear.Most often found in women.This disease is difficult to identify and be healed.
Medicines cystitis.Some medication, chemotherapeutic agents can cause bladder inflammation because they accumulate in the bladder and irritate their wall.
Radiation cystitis.The radiation treatment of the pelvic area can cause inflammatory changes in the tissue of the bladder.
Cystitis of a foreign body.A longer use of the urinary catheter can increase the risk of bacterial infections and tissue damage.Both factors can lead to cystitis.
Chemical cystitis.Some people may have an increased sensitivity to chemicals contained in whirlpool, female hygiene sprays, spermicidnyg gels and other substances.Local chemical irritation or allergic inflammation - causes typical symptoms of cystitis.
Cystitis caused by other factors.Sometimes bladder infection can occur as a complication of other diseases such as diabetes, kidney stones, prostate hypertrophy or spinal cord injury.
Risk factors
Some people develop recurring urinary tract infections rather than others.First, the risk factor is the female soil - a short urethra makes women more susceptible to this disease.
Among women who: who:
Sexually active.Sexual intercourse can lead to Protalkivaniyu bacteria in the urethra.
Use some contraceptives.Women who use diaphragms and other membranes impregnated with spermy -impregnated membranes are more likely to suffer from cystitis.
Pregnancy.Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of pencil inflammation.
Is in menopause.Changed hormones in women in menopause are often provociruyut IMVP.
Other risk factors for cystitis in men and women are:
Obstacle of the urine.It can be caused by a stone in the bladder or by an enlarged prostate (in men).
Changes in the immune system.They occur in diseases such as diabetes, HIV infection and cancer chemotherapy.The oppression of the immune system increases the risk of bacteria and in some cases viral bladder infection.
Long -term use of the urinary catheter.Older people and people with some illnesses may have to use long urinary catheters.This often leads to an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections and direct damage to the bladder.
Cystitis is rare in men without predisposing factors.
Complications of cystitis
With quick and proper treatment, the glare rarely leads to complications.In the event of early treatment, however, the bloodstock can cause serious diseases.
The complications of cystitis are initially pyelonephritis (infectious kidney inflammation).Infection of the inflamed bladder can fall into the rising kidneys, which in turn can cause pyelonephritis and even irreversible damage to the kidney tissue (nephrosclerosis).
Early Children and older people have the highest risk of kidney damage due to bladder infections, since IMVP symptoms are often overlooked or are incorrectly taken by doctors for the symptoms of other diseases.
Preparation for visiting a doctor
If you or your child who are characteristic of cystitis, you should make an appointment with a doctor.First of all, they should be checked by a pediatrician, a therapist or a general practitioner.If he considers this to be necessary, you will be addressed to a urologist or nephrologist.In the expectation of the receipt, you can create a list that shortens and optimizes the communication period with the doctor:
Write down your symptoms, including those who do not have to do with the aperture infection
Make a list of all drugs, vitamins or food additives that you accept
Write down questions that you want to ask your doctor
For example, you can ask a doctor:
What most likely caused my illness?
What additional exams do I have to go through?
What factors did you think contributed to the development of cystitis?
What kind of treatment approach do you recommend?
If this course does not relief, what treatment do you advise me next?
What side effects can be expected from the prescribed course of treatment?
What is the risk that this problem will be repeated?
What can I do to reduce the risk of relapse?
Do I need advice from a tight specialist, urologist or nephrologist?
Feel free to ask questions that occur in a conversation with a doctor.
Your doctor will probably ask you a number of questions, for example:
When did you notice these symptoms for the first time?
Were they treated for urinary tract infections earlier?
How do you have strong complaints?
How often wet?
How much does it take after urination?
Do you have a lower back pain?
Did you have an elevated temperature?
Did you notice the discharge from the vagina or the blood in the urine?
Are you sexually active?
Do you use creams for contraception?Which?
Are you not pregnant
Do you take drugs, biological nutritional supplements or vitamins?Do you have any chronic diseases?
Have you ever used a urinary catheter?
Diagnosis of cystitis
In addition to questions about your symptoms and physics examinations, your doctor can recommend certain tests and tests, such as:B.:
General urine analysisThe test is used as a skriningovy and as a diagnostic.In this analysis, IMVP can be discussed in increased leukocytes, red blood cells and nitrites.
Analysis of urine for sterility.If the bladder of the infection is suspected, the doctor can prescribe a urine analysis for sterility that shows the type of bacteria in the urine and its number.
General blood testThis analysis shows non -specific inflammatory changes in the white blood cells and can indirectly indicate the presence and the severity of the urinary tract (IMVP).
Cystoscopy.During this study, the doctor sets a cystoscope - a thin tube with backlight and video camera through the urethra into the bladder and examines it from the inside to examine structural anomalies and signs of inflammation.
When using a cystoscope, the doctor can also take a small fabric sample (biopsy) from a suspicious place for laboratory analysis.However, cystoscopy is not shown to all patients with flower inflammation, but only in patients with recurrent or nebacterial nymnymelic cystitis.
Visualisiruyushchie methods.These research methods are also required by not all patients, but only for those who cannot find the cause of the IMVP relapse in other ways.For example, the overview radiography of the abdomen or ultrasound of the retroperitoneal space can identify structural anomalies of the bladder, ureter and kidneys.In some cases, a contrast is carried out before radiography, ascending (cystography) or descending (intravenous urography).
Treatment of cystitis
The cystitis caused by bacterial infection is usually treated with antibiotics.The treatment of non -infectious blood thickness depends on its cause.
Treatment of bacterial bladder infection
The first antibiotics are medication that is active against the intestinal stock or the bacteria found during sowing in the urine.
Primary infection.The symptoms usually improve noticeably in the first days of treatment, but the doctor can insist on the continued therapy of three to seven days depending on the severity of their infection.
Repeated infection.If you have an IMVP relapse, the doctor can recommend a longer antibiotic treatment or instruct you to a doctor who specializes in the treatment of urinary tract infections (urologist or nephrologist) to determine the cause of the relapse.For some women with recurring bacterial cistitami, a single dose of the antibiotic can be useful after every sexual intercourse.
Nosocomial infections.The nosocomial infections of the bladder can be extremely difficult to treat, since the bacteria they cause are often resistant to the main antibiotics that are used for therapy of extracurricular infections of the bladder.Therefore, the doctor can prescribe several antibiotics at the same time.
Treatment of interstitial bladder infection
The reason for the development of interstitial cystitis remains uncertain, so that there is no universal treatment scheme for all patients at the same time.The doctor can try out the following treatment methods:
Orally used preparations or directly administered into the bladder.
Local procedures that relieve symptoms, such asB. stretching the bladder and fill with water or gas.
The stimulation of the nerve with slight electrical impulses (physiotization) to relieve pain in the pelvic area and in some cases to reduce the frequency of urination
Treatment of other forms of non -infectious cystitis
First, it is necessary to eliminate the cause that causes non -infected cystitis: whirlpool, spermikide cream, etc.
The treatment of cystitis, which develops as a complication of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, focuses on the oppression of pain (usually using painkillers) and washing to reduce contact with irritants in the bladder.
Lifestyle and home remedies
Cystitis can be very painful, but there are simple home methods to make this discomfort easier:
Use the heating pillow.Place the heating pillow on the lower abdomen, this relieves pain and severity in the pool.
Do not allow dehydration.Drink a lot of liquids.Avoid coffee, alcohol, caffeinated non -alcoholic drinks, citrus juices;As well as spicy foods - until the symptoms of sheet punch infection are subsidized.These substances can irritate the bladder and worsen the frequency and intensity of urination.
Take a seated bath.Subject the step for 15 to 20 minutes in hot water.This noticeably relieves pain and symptoms.
With recurrent IMVP, discuss your personal optimal tactics of therapy and symptomatic treatment with your doctor.
Cystitis prevention
Cranberry juice or tablets with Pro -aantocyanidine are often recommended to reduce the risk of recurring infections of the bladder of some women.However, recent studies show that these methods are not as effective as previously assumed.
You can still try to take cranberry juice every day, but remember that it cannot be combined with warfarin because this combination can lead to bleeding.
The following simple rules can be useful to prevent cystitis:
Drink many liquids, especially water.This is particularly important if you receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Warm more often.If you feel the urine to urinate, do not move a visit to the toilet.
After the defecation, wipe the step in front of your back.This prevents bacteria from the anal region in the vagina and the urethra.
Shower, no bathroom.If you are susceptible to IMVP relapses if you refuse the bathroom and take a shower, as standing water in the bathroom can help to penetrate the infection into the urethra.
Carefully wash the skin around the vagina and the anus.If you do this every day, but do not use irritating soaps and do not use energetic efforts.In the case of sensitive skin around these areas, irritation occurs easily.
Enough the bladder as soon as possible after sexual intercourse.Drink a full glass of water to soon go back to the toilet.
Avoid the use of deodorants and aerosols as well as other female cosmetics in the genital area.These substances can irritate the urethra and bladder.